The fundamental idea behind object-oriented programming is to combine or encapsulate both data (or instance variables) and functions (or methods) that operate on that data into a single unit. This unit is called an object. The data is hidden, so it is safe from accidental alteration. An object’s functions typically provide the only way to access its data. In order to access the data in an object, we should know exactly what functions interact with it. No other functions can access the data. Hence OOP focuses on data portion rather than the process of solving the problem.
An object-oriented program typically consists of a number of objects, which communicate with each other by calling one another’s functions. This is called sending a message to the object. This kind of relation is provided with the help of communication between two objects and this communication is done through information called message. In addition, object-oriented programming supports encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism to write programs efficiently. Examples of object-oriented languages include Simula, Smalltalk, C++, Python, C#, Visual Basic .NET and Java etc.
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